IELTS Academic Words: Nouns #7

A large supply of goods or materials stored for future use.

"As the hurricane approached, residents began to stockpile food, water, and other essential supplies."

Items needed for a specific purpose.

"Before the hurricane, people rushed to the store to stock up on emergency supplies."

A city filled with buildings and lacking natural green spaces.

"After years of living in a concrete jungle, she longed for the tranquility of the countryside."

Having a job or work.

"After months of searching, she finally found employment at a local design firm."

Chances for success or advancement.

"The conference provided plenty of opportunities for networking with professionals in the industry."

The service of removing waste from homes and other places.

"Municipal workers manage the garbage collection every Thursday on our street, ensuring that all waste is properly disposed of."

A tall building with many floors.

"She gazed out the window of her high-rise building apartment, mesmerized by the sprawling city lights below."

A large residential area where many similar houses are built together.

"After moving to the city, they found a pleasant apartment in a newly built housing estate."

A poor, rundown area in the center of a city.

"The charity organization launched a significant health initiative targeted at the children living in the inner-city slum."

Harmful or annoying levels of noise in an environment.

"The constant drone of highway traffic is one of the major contributors to urban noise pollution."

The areas far from the center of a city.

"Due to more affordable housing options, many families are opting to live in the outer suburbs, despite the longer commute to the city center."

The pipes and equipment used to move and treat waste water.

"The city is upgrading its sewage system to improve wastewater treatment and prevent environmental contamination."

A condition on road networks with slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queues.

"Every morning, the commute to work is a nightmare due to the severe traffic congestion on the highways."

The spreading of urban areas into surrounding rural areas.

"The city's urban sprawl has extended into what was once pristine countryside, causing concern among environmentalists."

A sudden event causing great damage or suffering.

"The earthquake caused widespread destruction, ultimately being labeled as one of the worst catastrophes in the region's history."

The process of creating a genetically identical copy of an organism.

"Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be born as a result of cloning, marking a significant achievement in biotechnology."

Public disagreement or debate.

"The new policy sparked a lot of controversy among the citizens, leading to heated debates on social media."

A situation of intense difficulty or danger.

"During the financial crisis, many people lost their jobs and savings."

A situation in which a difficult choice must be made.

"She faced a dilemma when she had to choose between accepting a job offer in a new city or staying close to her family."

A sudden event that causes great damage or loss.

"The hurricane caused widespread devastation, marking it as one of the worst disasters in recent history."