PMP

A root cause analysis tool where the question 'Why?' is asked multiple times until the underlying cause of a problem is identified.

"The project team used the 5 Whys Method to discover the root cause of the delay in their delivery schedule."

Also known as the Pareto Principle, it suggests that 80% of effects come from 20% of causes.

"The team applied the 80/20 Rule to prioritize the critical features that will provide the bulk of the product's value."

A method in marketing to compare two versions of a webpage or app against each other to determine which one performs better.

"The company ran an A/B Testing for two different landing pages to see which one converted more visitors into customers."

The set of conditions that must be met for a project deliverable to be accepted by the client.

"Before starting the design phase, the project manager defined the Acceptance Criteria for the application."

Products or services that meet the agreed-upon acceptance criteria and have received formal acceptance.

"The customer signed off on the Accepted Deliverables, indicating their satisfaction with the results."

An interaction technique that focuses on fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and then remembering what is being said.

"During stakeholder meetings, the project manager engaged in Active Listening to ensure all concerns were addressed."

Multiple attributes associated with each project activity, giving additional information such as precedents or successors.

"The project schedule included Activity Attributes for each task to clarify dependencies and resource requirements."

The projected costs needed to complete each activity in a project, including labor, materials, and equipment.

"The budget was based on detailed Activity Cost Estimates submitted by every department involved in the project."

A logical relationship in which the initiation or completion of one activity depends on another activity.

"In the Gantt chart, the construction phase had an Activity Dependency on the completion of the design phase."

Assessment of the amount of time each project activity will take to complete.

"Activity Duration Estimates were used to calculate the overall project timeline."

A documented tabulation of all schedule activities required for a project.

"The Activity List was comprehensive, outlining every task required to complete the project scope."

Estimates of the types and quantities of resources required to perform each activity.

"The project planner updated the Activity Resource Estimates after reassessing the workforce availability."

The realized cost for completed work during a specified time period.

"The project's Actual Cost was compared against the budget to check for any variances."

Ability to change or be changed to respond quickly to varying circumstances.

"The project team adopted an Adaptive approach to manage shifting market demands."

A tool used to organize data and ideas into groupings based on their natural relationships.

"During the brainstorming session, the team used an Affinity Diagram to categorize the customer feedback collected."

A methodology based on iterative development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

"The development team chose an Agile framework to manage the project, allowing for rapid adjustments."

An approach to estimating work effort where accuracy is improved over time using iterative cycles.

"Agile Estimating was used to forecast the time needed to implement new software features."

A type of project life cycle which is iterative and incremental focused on adaptability and customer value.

"The software project followed an Agile Life Cycle to incorporate user feedback after each iteration."

A practice for effective modeling and documentation of software-based systems.

"Agile Modeling was utilized to better communicate design aspects among the team."

Twelve guiding principles for agile software development used to guide the work of developers and stakeholders.

"One of the Agile Principles emphasizes working software over comprehensive documentation."

A plan that lays out the steps a team will take to create an increment of value or project deliverable.

"Agile Release Planning provided a roadmap to align development with customer needs and company goals."

Estimating duration or cost using historical data from a similar activity or project.

"The team used Analogous Estimating to predict project costs based on a recently completed similar project."

Any document, deliverable, or output from a process used during a project.

"Project Artifacts included designs, technical specifications, and meeting minutes, all of which were archived for future reference."

A factor in the planning process that is considered to be true, real, or certain without proof or demonstration.

"The project plan was created based on the Assumption that key resources would be available according to the schedule."

The approved starting point for a project, for which changes are measured throughout its duration.

"The project schedule and cost Baseline were set after the planning phase."

A group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas for the solution of a problem.

"During the first team meeting, they engaged in Brainstorming to identify potential project risks."

A graphical representation used to track the progress of a project by plotting amount of work against time.

"The Burn Chart showed that the team was on track to complete the current sprint's tasks on time."

A document that captures the reasoning for initiating a project or task.

"The project initiation was backed by a Business Case that outlined the expected benefits and costs."

The process through which all changes to a project's scope are managed and controlled.

"All requests for scope modifications were subject to the Change Control process."

A formal authorization for the existence of a project or phase, and granting the project manager authority to use organizational resources to project activities.

"The project was officially launched after the executive team approved the Charter."

A predetermined point in the project schedule where progress is evaluated and any necessary changes are initiated.

"At every Checkpoint, the team reviews the completed work against the project plan."

An assertion, usually by a supplier or subcontractor, that additional payment or time is needed due to changes in the work, differing conditions, etc.

"The contractor submitted a Claim for additional time to complete the construction due to unforeseen rock formations."

The strategy of placing project team members in the same physical location to improve communication and teamwork.

"For the critical project phase, the team opted for Colocation to streamline the decision-making process."

The potential routes of communication between individuals in a project.

"As the team grew, the project manager noted an increase in the number of Communication Channels to maintain."

A process for maintaining consistency and tracking changes to the features and functions of a product or the details of a service.

"The team implemented Configuration Management to control the numerous document revisions."

Provision for unforeseen elements or challenges that might affect a project.

"The project budget included a contingency to cover potential cost overruns."

The sequence of activities in a project plan, which determine the shortest possible duration of the project.

"Monitoring the Critical Path was essential to ensure the project stayed on schedule."

A tangible or intangible object produced as a result of project execution, as part of an agreement or contract.

"The Deliverable for this phase of the project was a fully functional prototype."

The logical, mandatory, or discretionary relationship that exists between two project activities.

"The start of the training module had a Dependency on the completion of the software development phase."

A technique that measures project performance and progress in an objective manner.

"Earned Value Management was used to compare the planned versus the actual project progress."

An approximation of the amount of time, effort, cost, or resources needed to complete an activity or project.

"The project's duration was based on an Estimate taken from historical data and expert judgment."

A type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule with start and finish dates for the project elements.

"The project manager updated the Gantt Chart weekly to reflect the schedule's current status."

In agile development, a time-framed cycle during which a set of work is completed and made ready for review.

"After each Iteration, the product's new features were reviewed and tested."

A visual workflow management method that documents and visualizes the flow of work.

"The software development team used a Kanban board to track the progress of their tasks."

A significant point or event in a project, program, or portfolio.

"Reaching the design approval Milestone allowed the team to begin the next phase of development."

A flowchart that graphically depicts the project's tasks and the relationships between them.

"The project's Network Diagram was instrumental in identifying the sequence of critical activities."

The process of obtaining goods, services, or works from an external source via a competitive bidding or tender process.

"The Procurement department issued a Request for Proposal to several vendors for the new software system."

The phases that connect the inception of a product with its termination or retirement.

"The team considered the Product Life Cycle while planning the marketing strategy for the new release."

A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.

"The infrastructure improvement Program consisted of multiple construction projects across the city."

The series of phases that a project passes through from its initiation to its closure.

"The Project Life Cycle included concept development, planning, implementation, and close-out phases."

The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements.

"A Quality review was scheduled to ensure that the software met all performance standards."

Personnel, equipment, materials, or services required to complete a project.

"The Resource planning session outlined the number of developers needed for each phase."

An uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on one or more project objectives.

"The Risk of a key supplier going out of business was identified early in the project and mitigation plans were developed."

A time-based plan that lists the start and finish dates of project activities and the milestones of the project.

"The project's Schedule was adjusted to accommodate the additional testing required."

The sum of all project products and their requirements or features.

"The project Scope was clearly defined to avoid any confusion during the execution phase."

An individual, group, or organization who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project.

"Early in the project, a Stakeholder analysis identified several key players whose needs would influence the project deliverables."

A hierarchical decomposition of the total scope of work to be carried out by the project team.

"The project manager used the Work Breakdown Structure to assign responsibilities and define the project's deliverables."

A group of related tasks within a project that are defined at the same level within the work breakdown structure.

"Each Work Package had a designated lead who was responsible for ensuring its tasks were completed on time."