IELTS Academic Words: Nouns #10

An estimation of income and expenses for a set period of time.

"We need to review our monthly expenses and adjust our budget accordingly."

A person or organization using the services of a professional or company.

"The client was extremely satisfied with the new website design her consultant delivered."

A measure of an individual's or company's ability to repay borrowed money.

"Maintaining a high credit rating is crucial for companies that wish to borrow money at favorable interest rates."

A reduction in something, often workforce or expenses.

"Due to budget cutbacks, the company had to reduce its workforce significantly."

Money obtained in return for labor or services.

"Her earnings from her latest novel far exceeded her expectations, enabling her to take a well-deserved vacation."

Ownership interest in a company, often in the form of stocks.

"The company is seeking to increase its value and provide greater equity to all its shareholders."

A person or brand that is widely recognized.

"Oprah Winfrey became a household name due to her immensely popular talk show and widespread influence in media."

High-quality items that are not essential but are highly desirable.

"During her trip to Paris, she couldn't resist splurging on luxury goods from the renowned high-fashion boutiques."

The legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime.

"Many human rights organizations argue for the abolition of capital punishment due to moral and ethical concerns."

Unpaid work done for the benefit of the community as punishment for minor crimes.

"After graduating from high school, Emily dedicated a year to community service, working with underprivileged children in her hometown."

A prison sentence for the remainder of the offender's life.

"After a protracted trial, the defendant was found guilty and received a life sentence for the crimes committed."

A physical attack to take money or goods from another person.

"During her testimony, she recounted the terrifying experience of the mugging she endured while walking home late at night."

A breach of law or rule; an illegal act.

"He apologized profusely for the offense, promising it was an unintentional mistake."

Criminal activities that are planned and controlled by powerful groups and carried out on a large scale.

"The city's turbulent history was marked by the pervasive influence of organized crime, which controlled various illegal activities across the neighborhoods."

Influence from members of one's peer group to act in a certain way.

"Despite her personal values, she felt an intense peer pressure to fit in with the popular group at school."

Small criminal acts that usually result in less severe punishments.

"After the neighborhood watch was established, instances of petty crime like vandalism and shoplifting significantly decreased."

Taking someone's property by force or intimidation.

"The police acted swiftly in response to the armed robbery at the bank."

Deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property.

"The local park was closed temporarily due to the vandalism of its playground equipment."

Physical force intended to hurt or kill.

"The community organized a march to protest against the increase of violence in the neighborhood."

Prejudice or partiality in favor of or against something.

"His analysis of the data was criticized for a lack of objectivity due to his strong bias toward the experimental hypothesis."